Phellodendron

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Clinical Studies
References

Phellodendron bark contains berberine, palmitine, phellodendrine and other alkaloids. Berberine has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. Preliminary research suggests berberine selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression. Phellodendron seems to have anti-inflammatory properties also when topically applied.

 

 

Published Clinical Studiescl top

 1
Suppressive effects of a Chinese herbal medicine qing-luo-yin extract on the angiogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis in rats.

Li S, Lu AP, Wang YY, Li YD.

 

The Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China. shaoli@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

Qing-Luo-Yin (QLY), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, is a combination of the extracts of Sophora flavescens Ait., Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Sinomenium acutum Rehd. et Wils. and Dioscorea hypoglauca Palib. The suppressive effect of QLY on the development of angiogenesis was investigated in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). QLY (0.3 g/kg) was orally administered daily for 27 days. Neo-angiogenesis, pannus and cartilage damage, the expression of metalloproteinases (MMP)-3 messenger RNA (mRNA) and the level of the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in the synovium were examined by histology, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemiscal assays, respectively. It was observed that the articular morphological alterations, the over-expression of MMP-3 mRNA and the reduced production of TIMP-1 in CIA rats were significantly ameliorated by QLY. QLY performed about as effectively as tripterygium glycosidorum tablets (0.1 g/kg) extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.. These results indicate that QLY exerts a suppressive effect on the angiogenesis of CIA rats, and suggest that the therapeutic effect of QLY could be due to restoring the balance of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in rheumatoid synovium.

PMID: 14696674 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

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[Effects of processing Phellodendron amurense with salt on anti-gout]2

Yang C, Zhu JX, Wang Y, Wen YL, Kong LD.

 

State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of processing Phellodendron anurene with salt on anti-gout. METHOD: The mouse serum uric acid level and liver xanthine oxidase activity were used to evaluate anti-gout effects of raw and processing P. amurense with salt. RESULT: Both raw and processing P. amurense with salt reduced serum uric acid levels in the in hyperuricemic mice, and inhibited activities of liver xanthine oxidase at the low and high doses respectively, thus exhibiting anti-gout effects. Moreover, they showed the tendency to decrease the uric acid levels in the normal animal only at the high dose. The latter was a little weaker than the former. CONCLUSION: Processing with salt might not significantly change anti-gout effect of P. amurense.

PMID: 15714822 [PubMed - in process]

 

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 3
Topical anti-inflammatory activity of some Asian medicinal plants used in dermatological disorders.

Cuellar MJ, Giner RM, Recio MC, Manez S, Rios JL.

 

Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andres Estelles, s/n. 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.

The topical anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from Cassia angustifolia, Rheum palmatum, Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron amurense and Scutellaria baicalensis, plants used in traditional East Asian medicine against different skin disorders, was studied. Though in different degree, all the extracts significantly inhibited the edema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), in both single or multiple application, oxazolone, and arachidonic acid (AA). None of the extracts inhibited in vitro the activity of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) from Naja naja.

PMID: 11295297 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

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 4
Principle of the bark of Phellodendron amurense to suppress the cellular immune response: effect of phellodendrine on cellular and humoral immune responses.

Mori H, Fuchigami M, Inoue N, Nagai H, Koda A, Nishioka I, Meguro K.

 

Department of Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan.

Previously we have isolated the quaternary base alkaloids, magnoflorine and phellodendrine, from Phellodendri Cortex (cortex of Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Rutaceae) as the biologically active principles to suppress local graft-versus-host (GvH) reactions in mice. In this paper, we focus on phellodendrine. Phellodendrine suppressed local semisyngeneic GvH reactions and systemic allogeneic GvH reactions in X-ray irradiated recipient mice. Phellodendrine also suppressed the induction phase of sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-induced delayed type hypersensitivity in mice and tuberculin-induced delayed type hypersensitivity in guinea pigs, but did not suppress the effector phase of these reactions. Surprisingly, phellodendrine, unlike prednisolone and cyclophosphamide, did not affect antibody production in mice to SRBC. Phellodendrine was expected to be a valuable new type of immunosuppressor against the cellular immune response.

PMID: 7700991 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

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Referencesre

  1. Cuellar MJ, Giner RM, Recio MC, Manez S, Rios JL. Topical anti-inflammatory activity of some Asian medicinal plants used in dermatological disorders. Fitoterapia. Mar2001;72(3):221-9.
  2. Mori H, Fuchigami M, Inoue N, Nagai H, Koda A, Nishioka I. Principle of the bark of Phellodendron amurense to suppress the cellular immune response. Planta Med. Oct1994;60(5):445-9.
  3. Mori H, Fuchigami M, Inoue N, Nagai H, Koda A, Nishioka I, et al. Principle of the bark of Phellodendron amurense to suppress the cellular immune response: effect of phellodendrine on cellular and humoral immune responses. Planta Med. Feb1995;61(1):45-9.
  4. Lee YM, Kim H, Hong EK, Kang BH, Kim SJ. Water extract of 1:1 mixture of Phellodendron cortex and Aralia cortex has inhibitory effects on oxidative stress in kidney of diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. Dec2000;73(3):429-36.
  5. Kim JS, Tanaka H, Shoyama Y. Immunoquantitative analysis for berberine and its related compounds using monoclonal antibodies in herbal medicines. Analyst 2004;129:87-91.
  6. Lee YM, Kim H, Hong EK, et al. Water extract of 1:1 mixture of Phellodendron cortex and Aralia cortex has inhibitory effects on oxidative stress in kidney of diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;73:429-36.
  7. Park KS, Kang KC, Kim JH, et al. Differential inhibitory effects of protoberberines on sterol and chitin biosyntheses in Candida albicans. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999;43:667-74.
  8. Mori H, Fuchigami M, Inoue N, et al. Principle of the bark of Phellodendron amurense to suppress the cellular immune response: effect of phellodendrine on cellular and humoral immune responses. Planta Med 1995;61:45-9.
  9. Uchiyama T, Kamikawa H, Ogita Z. [Anti-ulcer effect of extract from phellodendri cortex]. [Article in Japanese]. Yakugaku Zasshi 1989;109:672-6.
  10. Cuellar MJ, Giner RM, Recio MC, et al. Topical anti-inflammatory activity of some Asian medicinal plants used in dermatological disorders. Fitoterapia 2001;72:221-9.
  11. Fukuda K, Hibiya Y, Mutoh M, et al. Inhibition by berberine of cyclooxygenase-2 transcriptional activity in human colon cancer cells. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;66:227-33.